Analysis and Process Feasibility Review of Part Drawings: Clarify the material grade, structural characteristics, dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerances, and surface roughness requirements of each machined surface of the part. Meanwhile, conduct a process feasibility review to determine whether the part structure is easy to clamp, machine, and measure. 

     Formulation of Process Plan: Based on the analysis results of the part drawings, combined with the production batch and the actual conditions of the factory, formulate a preliminary process plan. Determine the processing methods, divide the processing stages, and select the positioning datum. For parts with high precision requirements, it is usually necessary to divide the processing stages to gradually eliminate the impact of processing stress and cutting heat on part precision.

     Design of Processes and Steps: Refine the process plan into specific processes and steps. When designing the steps, it is necessary to consider the reasonable selection of tools and the optimization of cutting sequence to improve processing efficiency and ensure processing quality.

     Selection of Processing Equipment and Tools: Select the appropriate lathe model according to the part material, processing precision requirements, production batch, and process content. Determine the tool material and tool geometric parameters based on the performance of the processed material, the requirements of the processed surface, and the cutting parameters. 

     Workpiece Clamping: Select appropriate fixtures, such as three-jaw self-centering chucks, four-jaw independent chucks, etc., for clamping according to the shape of the workpiece and processing requirements. Determine the positioning datum plane of the workpiece and reasonably adjust the clamping force to avoid deformation due to excessive clamping force or loosening due to insufficient clamping force during processing. 

      Setting of Processing Parameters: Determine the cutting speed according to the material hardness and tool material; set the feed rate according to the requirements of the workpiece surface roughness and tool type; select the cutting depth considering the rigidity of the machine tool and the workpiece material to avoid excessive load on the tool and machine tool. 

     Processing Operation: Start the lathe and perform cutting according to the predetermined processing path and sequence of processes. During rough machining, quickly remove most of the excess material to form the basic contour of the workpiece; during finish machining, use a smaller cutting amount to improve the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the workpiece. 

     Dimensional Control and Quality Inspection: During the processing, appropriate measuring tools need to be used to control the size and shape of the workpiece. First article inspection, intermediate patrol inspection, and final inspection after completion are important links to ensure product quality. 

    Arrangement of Heat Treatment Processes: Arrange heat treatment processes reasonably in the process flow according to the part material and performance requirements. For example, annealing and normalizing, which are used to improve the machinability of materials, are usually arranged before rough machining; quenching and tempering, which are used to improve the hardness and wear resistance of parts, are generally arranged after semi-finishing and before finishing, or after finishing. 

     Subsequent Treatment: After processing, some subsequent treatments may be required, such as deburring, cleaning, rust prevention treatment, etc., to meet the final application requirements of the part.